{"id":1793,"date":"2024-02-16T16:17:21","date_gmt":"2024-02-16T14:17:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/projektit.gtk.fi\/smarttest\/?page_id=1793"},"modified":"2025-04-14T14:32:58","modified_gmt":"2025-04-14T11:32:58","slug":"wp2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/projektit.gtk.fi\/smarttest\/wp2\/","title":{"rendered":"Kaivannaisj\u00e4tteiden ja sivuvirtojen hy\u00f6dynt\u00e4minen kaivannaisj\u00e4tealueiden peittorakenteissa"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-right-small:30px;--awb-padding-left-small:30px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1664px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:1.92%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:1.92%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-1 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-one\"><h1 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:38;line-height:1.26;\"><h1><strong>Kaivannaisj\u00e4tteiden ja sivuvirtojen hy\u00f6dynt\u00e4minen kaivannaisj\u00e4tealueiden peittorakenteissa<\/strong><\/h1><\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-right-small:30px;--awb-padding-left-small:30px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1664px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:50%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:3.84%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:3.84%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><p>Kaivannaisj\u00e4tteiden l\u00e4jitt\u00e4misen ja kaivostoiminnan p\u00e4\u00e4tytty\u00e4 tulee j\u00e4tealueet l\u00e4ht\u00f6kohtaisesti peitt\u00e4\u00e4 peittorakenteella. Peittorakenne voi koostua yksinkertaisimmillaan muutaman kymmenen senttimetrin paksuisesta lajittumattomasta maa-aineskerroksesta, kun taas jopa yli kaksi metri\u00e4 paksuissa monikerrospeitoissa hy\u00f6dynnet\u00e4\u00e4n useista eri materiaaleista (ml. lajittuneet ja lajittumattomat maa-ainekset ja synteettiset tiivisteet) koostuvia osarakenteita. Useat seikat (esim. kaivannaisj\u00e4tteiden ominaisuudet, k\u00e4ytetty pohjarakenne ja ilmastotekij\u00e4t) vaikuttavat peittorakenteen tarpeeseen ja tavoitteisiin, jotka m\u00e4\u00e4rittelev\u00e4t peittorakenteelle asetetut vaatimukset.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><p>Peittorakenteet, erityisesti monikerrospeitot, vaativat merkitt\u00e4vi\u00e4 m\u00e4\u00e4ri\u00e4 maa-aineksia ja neitseellisi\u00e4 materiaaleja, joita on harvoin saatavilla kaivosalueen l\u00e4heisyydess\u00e4. Kaivannaisj\u00e4tteiden tai sivuvirtojen hy\u00f6tyk\u00e4ytt\u00f6 peittorakenteissa voi siten v\u00e4hent\u00e4\u00e4 neitseellisten materiaalien k\u00e4ytt\u00f6\u00e4, ja parantaa kaivannaisteollisuuden kustannustehokkuutta ja kest\u00e4vyytt\u00e4.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"--awb-margin-top:20px;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-dropshadow imageframe-1 hover-type-none\" style=\"border-radius:4px;-webkit-box-shadow: 4px 4px 8px rgba(53,53,53,0.3);box-shadow: 4px 4px 8px rgba(53,53,53,0.3);\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" title=\"20241004_121339\" src=\"https:\/\/projektit.gtk.fi\/smarttest\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2024\/11\/20241004_121339-600x450.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-2127\" srcset=\"https:\/\/projektit.gtk.fi\/smarttest\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2024\/11\/20241004_121339-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/projektit.gtk.fi\/smarttest\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2024\/11\/20241004_121339-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/projektit.gtk.fi\/smarttest\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2024\/11\/20241004_121339-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/projektit.gtk.fi\/smarttest\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2024\/11\/20241004_121339-800x600.jpg 800w, https:\/\/projektit.gtk.fi\/smarttest\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2024\/11\/20241004_121339-1200x900.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:20px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:50%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:3.84%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:3.84%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-3\"><p>Kaivannaisj\u00e4tteiden ja sivuvirtojen ominaisuuksien tulee kuitenkin t\u00e4ytt\u00e4\u00e4 peittorakenteelle\/osarakenteelle asetetut tekniset vaatimukset sek\u00e4 ymp\u00e4rist\u00f6vaatimukset.<\/p>\n<p>Tavoitteena on tuottaa tieto- ja palvelupaketit kaivannaisj\u00e4tteiden ja sivuvirtojen hy\u00f6dynt\u00e4misest\u00e4 kaivannaisj\u00e4tealueiden peittorakenteissa ja rakenteiden kentt\u00e4testauksessa. Peittorakenteiden kentt\u00e4testaus k\u00e4sitt\u00e4\u00e4 yhden suuremman pilot -mittakaavan testin, jossa tutkitaan rikastushiekkaa hy\u00f6dynt\u00e4v\u00e4\u00e4 peittorakennetta, ja kolme pienemm\u00e4n mittakaavan testi\u00e4 teollisuuden sivuvirtojen hy\u00f6dynt\u00e4miseksi sivukivien peittorakenteena.<\/p>\n<p>Peitto- ja osarakenteiden soveltuvuutta tutkitaan seuraamalla sek\u00e4 rakenteiden ett\u00e4 peitett\u00e4vien kaivannaisj\u00e4tteiden ominaisuuksia ja k\u00e4ytt\u00e4ytymist\u00e4 kentt\u00e4testien aikana sensorimittauksin ja vesijakeiden kemiallisen koostumuksen perusteella. Tutkittavien materiaalien geokemialliset, mineralogiset ja fysikaaliset ominaisuudet karakterisoidaan soveltuvin osin laboratoriotestien avulla ennen ja j\u00e4lkeen testien.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"fusion-image-element \" style=\"--awb-margin-top:20px;--awb-caption-title-font-family:var(--h2_typography-font-family);--awb-caption-title-font-weight:var(--h2_typography-font-weight);--awb-caption-title-font-style:var(--h2_typography-font-style);--awb-caption-title-size:var(--h2_typography-font-size);--awb-caption-title-transform:var(--h2_typography-text-transform);--awb-caption-title-line-height:var(--h2_typography-line-height);--awb-caption-title-letter-spacing:var(--h2_typography-letter-spacing);\"><span class=\" fusion-imageframe imageframe-dropshadow imageframe-2 hover-type-none\" style=\"border-radius:4px;-webkit-box-shadow: 4px 4px 8px rgba(53,53,53,0.3);box-shadow: 4px 4px 8px rgba(53,53,53,0.3);\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"423\" title=\"20241011_152347\" src=\"https:\/\/projektit.gtk.fi\/smarttest\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2024\/11\/20241011_152347-scaled-e1732874229124-600x423.jpg\" alt class=\"img-responsive wp-image-2128\" srcset=\"https:\/\/projektit.gtk.fi\/smarttest\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2024\/11\/20241011_152347-scaled-e1732874229124-200x141.jpg 200w, https:\/\/projektit.gtk.fi\/smarttest\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2024\/11\/20241011_152347-scaled-e1732874229124-400x282.jpg 400w, https:\/\/projektit.gtk.fi\/smarttest\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2024\/11\/20241011_152347-scaled-e1732874229124-600x423.jpg 600w, https:\/\/projektit.gtk.fi\/smarttest\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2024\/11\/20241011_152347-scaled-e1732874229124-800x563.jpg 800w, https:\/\/projektit.gtk.fi\/smarttest\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2024\/11\/20241011_152347-scaled-e1732874229124-1200x845.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/projektit.gtk.fi\/smarttest\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/31\/2024\/11\/20241011_152347-scaled-e1732874229124.jpg 1728w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1793","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"lang":false,"translations":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/projektit.gtk.fi\/smarttest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1793","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/projektit.gtk.fi\/smarttest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/projektit.gtk.fi\/smarttest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/projektit.gtk.fi\/smarttest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/projektit.gtk.fi\/smarttest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1793"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"https:\/\/projektit.gtk.fi\/smarttest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1793\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2311,"href":"https:\/\/projektit.gtk.fi\/smarttest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1793\/revisions\/2311"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/projektit.gtk.fi\/smarttest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1793"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}